Background: Accurate prediction of the timing of parturition is crucial to ensure the health and well-being of both mares and foals. However, equine pregnancies are characterized by significant variability in gestation length, unique endocrine mechanisms, and subtle physiological changes before p...

Background: Parturition is a critical event in the reproductive cycle of dairy animals, accompanied by multiple physiological changes in sex hormones, metabolism, antioxidant capacity and immune function. However, the changes in the rectal microbiota and metabolic products of Jennies from late ge...