Dataset Information

Gut Microbial and Metabolic Profiling Reveal the Lingering Effects of Infantile Iron Deficiency Unless Treated with Iron.

ABSTRACT:

Scope

Iron deficiency (ID) compromises the health of infants worldwide. Although readily treated with iron, concerns remain about the persistence of some effects. Metabolic and gut microbial consequences of infantile ID were investigated in juvenile monkeys after natural recovery (pID) from iron deficiency or post-treatment with iron dextran and B vitamins (pID+Fe).

Methods and results

Metabolomic profiling of urine and plasma is conducted with ¹ H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Gut microbiota are characterized from rectal swabs by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Urinary metabolic profiles of pID monkeys significantly differed from pID+Fe and continuously iron-sufficient controls (IS) with higher maltose and lower amounts of microbial-derived metabolites. Persistent differences in energy metabolism are apparent from the plasma metabolic phenotypes with greater reliance on anaerobic glycolysis in pID monkeys. Microbial profiling indicated higher abundances of Methanobrevibacter, Lachnobacterium, and Ruminococcus in pID monkeys and any history of ID resulted in a lower Prevotella abundance compared to the IS controls.

Conclusions

Lingering metabolic and microbial effects are found after natural recovery from ID. These long-term biochemical derangements are not present in the pID+Fe animals emphasizing the importance of the early detection and treatment of early-life ID to ameliorate its chronic metabolic effects.

SUBMITTER: Mayneris-Perxachs J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8216173 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Gut Microbial and Metabolic Profiling Reveal the Lingering Effects of Infantile Iron Deficiency Unless Treated with Iron.

Mayneris-Perxachs Jordi J Amaral Wellington W Lubach Gabriele R GR Lyte Mark M Phillips Gregory J GJ Posma Joram M JM Coe Christopher L CL Swann Jonathan R JR

Molecular nutrition & food research 20210308 8

<h4>Scope</h4>Iron deficiency (ID) compromises the health of infants worldwide. Although readily treated with iron, concerns remain about the persistence of some effects. Metabolic and gut microbial consequences of infantile ID were investigated in juvenile monkeys after natural recovery (pID) from iron deficiency or post-treatment with iron dextran and B vitamins (pID+Fe).<h4>Methods and results</h4>Metabolomic profiling of urine and plasma is conducted with <sup>1</sup> H nuclear magnetic reso ...[more]

PMID: 33599094

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Project description:A high percent of oxidative energy metabolism is needed to support brain growth during infancy. Unhealthy diets and limited nutrition, as well as other environmental insults, can compromise these essential developmental processes. In particular, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been found to undermine both normal brain growth and neurobehavioral development. Even moderate ID may affect neural maturation because when iron is limited, it is prioritized first to red blood cells over the brain. A primate model was used to investigate the neural effects of a transient ID and if deficits would persist after iron treatment. The large size and postnatal growth of the monkey brain makes the findings relevant to the metabolic and iron needs of human infants, and initiating treatment upon diagnosis of anemia reflects clinical practice. Specifically, this analysis determined whether brain maturation would still be compromised at 1 year of age if an anemic infant was treated promptly once diagnosed. The hematology and iron status of 41 infant rhesus monkeys was screened at 2-month intervals. Fifteen became ID; 12 met clinical criteria for anemia and were administered iron dextran and B vitamins for 1-2 months. MRI scans were acquired at 1 year. The volumetric and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures from the ID infants were compared with monkeys who remained continuously iron sufficient (IS). A prior history of ID was associated with smaller total brain volumes, driven primarily by significantly less total gray matter (GM) and smaller GM volumes in several cortical regions. At the macrostructual level, the effect on white matter volumes (WM) was not as overt. However, DTI analyses of WM microstructure indicated two later-maturating anterior tracts were negatively affected. The findings reaffirm the importance of iron for normal brain development. Given that brain differences were still evident even after iron treatment and following recovery of iron-dependent hematological indices, the results highlight the importance of early detection and preemptive supplementation to limit the neural consequences of ID.

Dataset Information

Gut Microbial and Metabolic Profiling Reveal the Lingering Effects of Infantile Iron Deficiency Unless Treated with Iron.

Scope

Methods and results

Conclusions

Publications

Gut Microbial and Metabolic Profiling Reveal the Lingering Effects of Infantile Iron Deficiency Unless Treated with Iron.

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