Euglena gracilis, a green microalga known as a potential candidate for jet fuel producers and new functional food resources, is highly tolerant to antibiotics, heavy metals and other environmental stresses. Its cells contain many high-value products, including vitamins, amino acids, pigm...

As emerging environmental contaminants, rare earth elements (REEs) pose a growing ecotoxicological threat, making a mechanistic understanding of their toxicity in aquatic primary producers like microalgae crucial for accurate ecological risk assessment. This study investigated the multi-level adv...