Colonization by H. pylori is associated with a wide range of gastric diseases, ranging from superficial gastritis to more severe pathologies, including intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma. The interplay of the host response and the pathogen affect the outcome of disease. One major component ...
Background Probiotics have attracted considerable interest for ulcerative colitis (UC); however, their efficacy is highly strain-specific and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.
Results Accumulating evidence indicates that bacterial extracellular vesicles (BE...