18F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography and Plaque Calcification.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Tavakoli S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6338233 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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<sup>18</sup>F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography and Plaque Calcification.
Tavakoli Sina S Sadeghi Mehran M MM
Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging 20190101 1
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Project description:BackgroundMicrocalcifications cannot be identified with the present resolution of CT; however, 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been proposed for non-invasive identification of microcalcification. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether 18F-NaF activity can assess the presence and predict the progression of CT detectable vascular calcification.Methods and resultsThe data of two longitudinal studies in which patients received a 18F-NaF PET-CT at baseline and after 6 months or 1-year follow-up were used. The target to background ratio (TBR) was measured on PET at baseline and CT calcification was quantified in the femoral arteries at baseline and follow-up. 128 patients were included. A higher TBR at baseline was associated with higher calcification mass at baseline and calcification progression (β = 1.006 [1.005-1.007] and β = 1.002 [1.002-1.003] in the studies with 6 months and 1-year follow-up, respectively). In areas without calcification at baseline and where calcification developed at follow-up, the TBR was .11-.13 (P < .001) higher compared to areas where no calcification developed.ConclusionThe activity of 18F-NaF is related to the amount of calcification and calcification progression. In areas where calcification formation occurred, the TBR was slightly but significantly higher.
| S-EPMC8648691 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThere are sex differences in the extent, severity, and outcomes of coronary artery disease. We aimed to assess the influence of sex on coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity measured using coronary 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET), and to determine whether 18F-NaF PET has prognostic value in both women and men.MethodsIn a post-hoc analysis of observational cohort studies of patients with coronary atherosclerosis who had undergone 18F-NaF PET CT angiography, we compared the coronary microcalcification activity (CMA) in women and men.ResultsBaseline 18F-NaF PET CT angiography was available in 999 participants (151 (15%) women) with 4282 patient-years of follow-up. Compared to men, women had lower coronary calcium scores (116 [interquartile range, 27-434] versus 205 [51-571] Agatston units; p = 0.002) and CMA values (0.0 [0.0-1.12] versus 0.53 [0.0-2.54], p = 0.01). Following matching for plaque burden by coronary calcium scores and clinical comorbidities, there was no sex-related difference in CMA values (0.0 [0.0-1.12] versus 0.0 [0.0-1.23], p = 0.21) and similar proportions of women and men had no 18F-NaF uptake (53.0% (n = 80) and 48.3% (n = 73); p = 0.42), or CMA values > 1.56 (21.8% (n = 33) and 21.8% (n = 33); p = 1.00). Over a median follow-up of 4.5 [4.0-6.0] years, myocardial infarction occurred in 6.6% of women (n = 10) and 7.8% of men (n = 66). Coronary microcalcification activity greater than 0 was associated with a similarly increased risk of myocardial infarction in both women (HR: 3.83; 95% CI:1.10-18.49; p = 0.04) and men (HR: 5.29; 95% CI:2.28-12.28; p < 0.001).ConclusionAlthough men present with more coronary atherosclerotic plaque than women, increased plaque activity is a strong predictor of future myocardial infarction regardless of sex.
| S-EPMC11774508 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAs a noninvasive diagnostic tool, fluorine-18-labelled sodium fluoride positron emission tomography ([18F]NaF PET) has been increasingly applied in clinical practice due to its excellent imaging performance, attracting more attention from clinical practitioners. However, with the continuous development of technology and growth of knowledge, the field of [18F]NaF PET is changing. Nevertheless, few studies have conducted quantitative analyses of the literature in this field. Therefore, in this study, we used bibliometric methods to analyze the trends, content distribution, and frontiers of this field from multiple perspectives, including social and international structure, conceptual structure, and intellectual structure.MethodsThis study used the Web of Science (WOS) core database as the data source and retrieved literature related to [18F]NaF PET between 2008 and 2022. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were then employed for bibliometric analysis. This study performed co-occurrence analysis and citation analysis to investigate the characteristics of [18F]NaF PET in 3 aspects.ResultsA total of 682 articles related to [18F]NaF PET were collected during the period from 2008 to 2022. The author, Alavi, had the highest number of publications (67 articles). In terms of institutions, the University of Edinburgh had the highest number of publications (64 articles). The United States (300 articles) was the country with the highest number of published articles. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed that [18F]NaF PET-related technologies, bone metastasis (prostate cancer and breast cancer), and atherosclerosis were prominent research directions in this field. In terms of highly cited authors, Even-Sapir had the highest citation count (188 citations). Regarding highly cited journals, the Journal of Nuclear Medicine ranked as the most highly cited journal. The literature co-citation clustering and timeline graph showed that atherosclerotic plaques, bone metastasis, and the clinical applications of [18F]NaF PET were topics of active research in this field.ConclusionsThere has been an increase in the literature published in the field of [18F]NaF PET from 2008 to 2022. The United States holds a prominent position in the field of [18F]NaF PET. Arteriosclerosis and bone metastasis are the main topics in this field and at the forefront of research.
| S-EPMC10585531 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMicrocalcifications in atherosclerotic plaques are destabilizing, predict adverse cardiovascular events, and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.18F-fluoride positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging has demonstrated promise as a useful clinical diagnostic tool in identifying high-risk plaques; however, there is confusion as to the underlying mechanism of signal amplification seen in PET-positive, CT-negative image regions. This study tested the hypothesis that 18F-fluoride PET/CT can identify early microcalcifications.Methods18F-fluoride signal amplification derived from microcalcifications was validated against near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging and histology using an in vitro 3-dimensional hydrogel collagen platform, ex vivo human specimens, and a mouse model of atherosclerosis.ResultsMicrocalcification size correlated inversely with collagen concentration. The 18F-fluoride ligand bound to microcalcifications formed by calcifying vascular smooth muscle cell derived extracellular vesicles in the in vitro 3-dimensional collagen system and exhibited an increasing signal with an increase in collagen concentration (0.25 mg/mL collagen -33.8×102±12.4×102 counts per minute; 0.5 mg/mL collagen -67.7×102±37.4×102 counts per minute; P=0.0014), suggesting amplification of the PET signal by smaller microcalcifications. We further incubated human atherosclerotic endarterectomy specimens with clinically relevant concentrations of 18F-fluoride. The 18F-fluoride ligand labeled microcalcifications in PET-positive, CT-negative regions of explanted human specimens as evidenced by 18F-fluoride PET/CT imaging, near-infrared fluorescence, and histological analysis. Additionally, the 18F-fluoride ligand identified micro and macrocalcifications in atherosclerotic aortas obtained from low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.ConclusionsOur results suggest that 18F-fluoride PET signal in PET-positive, CT-negative regions of human atherosclerotic plaques is the result of developing microcalcifications, and high surface area in regions of small microcalcifications may amplify PET signal.
| S-EPMC6338081 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Vascular calcification is a complex biological process that is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. While macrocalcification confers plaque stability, microcalcification is a key feature of high-risk atheroma and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Positron emission tomography and X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of atherosclerosis using (18)F-sodium fluoride ((18)F-NaF) has the potential to identify pathologically high-risk nascent microcalcification. However, the precise molecular mechanism of (18)F-NaF vascular uptake is still unknown. Here we use electron microscopy, autoradiography, histology and preclinical and clinical PET/CT to analyse (18)F-NaF binding. We show that (18)F-NaF adsorbs to calcified deposits within plaque with high affinity and is selective and specific. (18)F-NaF PET/CT imaging can distinguish between areas of macro- and microcalcification. This is the only currently available clinical imaging platform that can non-invasively detect microcalcification in active unstable atherosclerosis. The use of (18)F-NaF may foster new approaches to developing treatments for vascular calcification.
| S-EPMC4506997 | biostudies-literature
Project description:18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) is a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer widely used in skeletal imaging and has also been proposed as a biomarker of active calcification in atherosclerosis. Like most PET radiotracers, 18F-NaF is typically administered intravenously. However in small animal research intravenous administrations can be challenging, because partial paravenous injection is common due to the small calibre of the superficial tail veins and repeat administrations via tail veins can lead to tissue injury therefore limiting the total number of longitudinal scanning points. In this paper, the feasibility of using intra-peritoneal route of injection of 8F-NaF to study calcification in mice was studied by looking at the kinetic and uptake profiles of normal soft tissues and bones versus intra-vascular injections. Dynamic PET was performed for 60 min on nineteen isoflurane-anesthetized male Swiss mice after femoral artery (n = 7), femoral vein (n = 6) or intraperitoneal (n = 6) injection of 8F-NaF. PET data were reconstructed and the standardised uptake value (SUV) and standardised uptake value ratio (SUVr) were estimated from the last three frames between 45- and 60-min and 8F-NaF uptake constant (Ki) was derived by Patlak graphical analysis. In soft tissue, the 18F-NaF perfusion phase changes depending on the type on injection route, whereas the uptake phase is similar regardless of the administration route. In bone tissue SUV, SUVr and Ki measures were not significantly different between the three administration routes. Comparison between PET and CT measures showed that bones that had the highest CT density displayed the lowest PET activity and conversely, bones where CT units were low had high 8F-NaF uptake. Intraperitoneal injection is a valid and practical alternative to the intra-vascular injections in small-animal 18F-NaF PET imaging providing equivalent pharmacokinetic data. CT outcome measures report on sites of stablished calcification whereas PET measures sites of higher complexity and active calcification.
| S-EPMC7970902 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWe assessed the feasibility of utilizing previously acquired computed tomography angiography (CTA) with subsequent positron-emission tomography (PET)-only scan for the quantitative evaluation of 18F-NaF PET coronary uptake.Methods and resultsForty-five patients (age 67.1±6.9 years; 76% males) underwent CTA (CTA1) and combined 18F-NaF PET/CTA (CTA2) imaging within 14 [10, 21] days. We fused CTA1 from visit 1 with 18F-NaF PET (PET) from visit 2 and compared visual pattern of activity, maximal standard uptake (SUVmax) values, and target to background ratio (TBR) measurements on (PET/CTA1) fused versus hybrid (PET/CTA2). On PET/CTA2, 226 coronary plaques were identified. Fifty-eight coronary segments from 28 (62%) patients had high 18F-NaF uptake (TBR >1.25), whereas 168 segments had lesions with 18F-NaF TBR ≤1.25. Uptake in all lesions was categorized identically on coregistered PET/CTA1. There was no significant difference in 18F-NaF uptake values between PET/CTA1 and PET/CTA2 (SUVmax, 1.16±0.40 versus 1.15±0.39; P=0.53; TBR, 1.10±0.45 versus 1.09±0.46; P=0.55). The intraclass correlation coefficient for SUVmax and TBR was 0.987 (95% CI, 0.983-0.991) and 0.986 (95% CI, 0.981-0.992). There was no fixed or proportional bias between PET/CTA1 and PET/CTA2 for SUVmax and TBR. Cardiac motion correction of PET scans improved reproducibility with tighter 95% limits of agreement (±0.14 for SUVmax and ±0.15 for TBR versus ±0.20 and ±0.20 on diastolic imaging; P<0.001).ConclusionsCoronary CTA/PET protocol with CTA first followed by PET-only allows for reliable and reproducible quantification of 18F-NaF coronary uptake. This approach may facilitate selection of high-risk patients for PET-only imaging based on results from prior CTA, providing a practical workflow for clinical application.
| S-EPMC6324180 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) using sodium [18F]fluoride (Na[18F]F) has been proven to be a promising hot-spot imaging modality for myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated Na[18F]F uptake in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of rats and humans. Sodium [18F]fluoride PET/CT was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats that had IRI surgery, and it readily demonstrated prominent Na[18F]F uptake in the infarct area post-IRI. Sodium [18F]fluoride uptake was matched with negative 2,3,5-triphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium chloride staining results, accompanied by myocardial apoptosis and associated with positive calcium staining results. Furthermore, area at risk was negative for Na[18F]F uptake. Cyclosporine A (CysA) treatment reduced standardized uptake value of 18F over the infarct area, and a significant decrease in infarct size was also observed by the CysA treatment. In humans, Na[18F]F PET/CT readily demonstrated increased Na[18F]F uptake in the 2 patients with MI post-percutaneous coronary intervention. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the potential utility of Na[18F]F PET/CT as a hot-spot imaging modality for myocardial IRI.
| S-EPMC5470131 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeCalcification is a hallmark of chronic tuberculosis (TB) in humans, often noted years to decades (after the initial infection) on chest radiography, but not visualized well with traditional positron emission tomography (PET). We hypothesized that sodium [(18)F]fluoride (Na[(18)F]F) PET could be used to detect microcalcifications in a chronically Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected murine model.ProceduresC3HeB/FeJ mice, which develop necrotic and hypoxic TB lesions, were aerosol-infected with M. tuberculosis and imaged with Na[(18)F]F PET.ResultsPulmonary TB lesions from chronically infected mice demonstrated significantly higher Na[(18)F]F uptake compared with acutely infected or uninfected animals (P < 0.01), while no differences were noted in the blood or bone compartments (P > 0.08). Ex vivo biodistribution studies confirmed the imaging findings, and tissue histology demonstrated microcalcifications in TB lesions from chronically infected mice, which has not been demonstrated previously in a murine model.ConclusionNa[(18)F]F PET can be used for the detection of chronic TB lesions and could prove to be a useful noninvasive biomarker for TB studies.
| S-EPMC4561601 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background18F-Fluoride uptake denotes calcification activity in aortic stenosis and atherosclerosis. While PET/MR has several advantages over PET/CT, attenuation correction of PET/MR data is challenging, limiting cardiovascular application. We compared PET/MR and PET/CT assessments of 18F-fluoride uptake in the aortic valve and coronary arteries.Methods and results18 patients with aortic stenosis or recent myocardial infarction underwent 18F-fluoride PET/CT followed immediately by PET/MR. Valve and coronary 18F-fluoride uptake were evaluated independently. Both standard (Dixon) and novel radial GRE) MR attenuation correction (AC) maps were validated against PET/CT with results expressed as tissue-to-background ratios (TBRs). Visually, aortic valve 18F-fluoride uptake was similar on PET/CT and PET/MR. TBRMAX values were comparable with radial GRE AC (PET/CT 1.55±0.33 vs. PET/MR 1.58 ± 0.34, P = 0.66; 95% limits of agreement - 27% to + 25%) but performed less well with Dixon AC (1.38 ± 0.44, P = 0.06; bias (-)14%; 95% limits of agreement - 25% to + 53%). In native coronaries, 18F-fluoride uptake was similar on PET/MR to PET/CT regardless of AC approach. PET/MR identified 28/29 plaques identified on PET/CT; however, stents caused artifact on PET/MR making assessment of 18F-fluoride uptake challenging.ConclusionCardiovascular PET/MR demonstrates good visual and quantitative agreement with PET/CT. However, PET/MR is hampered by stent-related artifacts currently limiting clinical application.
| S-EPMC8616877 | biostudies-literature